A = A as in father
ą = Nasal as the ON in the French BON
B = Same as English, except a final B is unvoiced (sounds like P)
C = as English TS (even when it begins a word)
ć = soft English CH sound
D = Same as English (final unvoiced D sounds like T)
E = as in pet
ę = Nasal, almost like EN in TEN, but, same as e in pet when it is the final letter of a word
F = same as English
G = Always a hard G as in get (final G is unvoiced as K)
H = Same as English
I = as the I in machine
J = as English Y as in yellow
K = as in English
L = as in English
ł = as English W
M = as in English
N = as in English
ń = as Spanish N/tilde as in English "NI" in onion
O = as the O in the English word FOR. NEVER pronounced "OH" as in Ohio
ó = as the oo in English FOOT, NOT as as the oo in English BOOT
P = as in English
Q = There is no Q in the Polish alphabet!
R = Roll your R's like Spanish or Scottish
S = as English soft SSSS, never as Z
ś = soft sh sound
T = as in English
U = same as O/acute, as the oo in English FOOT, NOT as as the oo in English BOOT
V = No V in the Polish alphabet!
W = as English V (final V is unvoiced as F)
X = No X! Only found in foreign words
Y = Always used as a vowel, sounds like the i in IT. NEVER as "eeeee", NOT even at the end of a word.
Z = as in English
ź = z with accute accent) soft zh like Zhivago
ż = (z with a dot over it) harder zh sound

Now we come to the combinations and dipthongs:

CH = Same as H in English
CZ = Hard CH sound as in CHURCH
DZ = as in English "reD Zone", but....
DZ followed by an I is pronounced as J in "Jeep", that's why "Dziekuje" is pronounced "JEN koo yeh"
RZ = Same hard zh as Z/dot (do not pronounce the R)(final RZ is unvoiced as SH)
SZ = Hard SH sound
SZCZ = combination of both as the SHCH in "Fresh cheese"

- Yes: Tak (as in tick-'tack')
- No: Nie (as in 'nyeh'-nyeh-na-na-na)
- OK: Dobrze ('dough' plus a 'b' then 'she')
- Excuse me: Przepraszam (difficult to pronounce because it includes that oh-so-not-English combo - 'p' merges into 'shey' followed by 'pra' and 'shem') 
- What: Co (often used like an English 'what??' and pronounced 'tso'
- Where: Gdzie ( 'guh' and 'jay')
- When: Kiedy ( 'key yeh dey')
- Who: Kto ( 'k' and 'toe')
- Why: Dlaczego ('dlah' and 'che' and 'go')
- How: Jak ('yak'')

Poles are big on greetings. Remember how to say 'good day'. You can even say it at night - it has such universality here. 

- Good day: Dzien dobry ('jean' and 'dough' plus 'bree' like the cheese)
- Hi: Czesc (use this one on friends only: 'che sh ch' but run it all together as one sound)
- Bye: Czesc (works like 'aloha' or 'ciao' or 'salut', making informal comings and goings easy)
- Good bye: Do widzenia ('dough' and 'wid zen ya' comes close enough)
- I don't speak Polish: Nie mowie po polsku ('nie' as above, 'moovie' then 'po' as in really poor, and 'pole sku')
- I speak English: Mowie po angielsku ('moovie' 'po' angielsku)
- I don't understand: Nie rozumiem ( 'nie' we know by now and 'row zoo me m' works for the operative word)
- Help me please: Prosze mi pomoc (for those unexpected tourist emergencies - note the 'prosze' making yet another appearance, 'mi' is just like 'me' in English in sound and meaning and the 'po moats' functions as the HELP signal)
- Please write that down: Prosze to napisac (when you 'nie rozumiem' but want to, stumble out 'prosze' as above then 'toe' which means it, and end with 'nah pee sach' which means write)